机动化通勤中介作用下城市建成环境对居民身体健康的影响研究——以西安市为例
The impact of built environment on public health mediated by motorized commute mode: A case study of Xi’an, China
- 西北大学学报（自然科学版） 2023年53卷第5期 页码：696-713
- 作者机构：
1.西北大学 城市与环境学院 陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室，陕西 西安 710127
2.美国明尼苏达大学双城分校 汉佛莱公共事务学院，美国 明尼阿波利斯 55455
- 作者简介：
朱菁，女，副教授，从事城市交通与公共健康、城市与区域规划研究，zhu_jing_nwu@nwu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51608443);陕西省自然科学基金面上项目(2022JM-263);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项(2022HZ1903)
DOI：10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2023-05-003
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朱菁, 邹梦洁, 范颖玲, 等. 机动化通勤中介作用下城市建成环境对居民身体健康的影响研究——以西安市为例[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023,53(5):696-713.
ZHU Jing, ZOU Mengjie, FAN Yingling, et al. The impact of built environment on public health mediated by motorized commute mode: A case study of Xi’an, China[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2023,53(5):696-713.
朱菁, 邹梦洁, 范颖玲, 等. 机动化通勤中介作用下城市建成环境对居民身体健康的影响研究——以西安市为例[J]. 西北大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023,53(5):696-713. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2023-05-003.
ZHU Jing, ZOU Mengjie, FAN Yingling, et al. The impact of built environment on public health mediated by motorized commute mode: A case study of Xi’an, China[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2023,53(5):696-713. DOI： 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2023-05-003.
摘要
我国快速城市化进程致使城市规模迅速扩大，导致大城市居民机动化通勤日益普遍，而久坐不动的机动化通勤方式导致居民日常通勤活动量减少，对其身体健康产生了不利影响。研究组采用智能手机软件收集西安市居民通勤出行数据，以身体质量指数BMI表征居民身体健康水平，采用路径分析方法，通过构建一个以机动化通勤方式作为中介变量的理论框架来深入解析城市建成环境对居民身体健康的直接效应、间接效应和总效应。研究发现，职住地建成环境，包括用地混合度、建筑密度、人口密度、公交线路条数、附近是否有地铁站等，可通过小汽车驾驶员、电动车、通勤班车对BMI产生显著的间接影响，但不能通过小汽车乘客、公交车、地铁对BMI产生显著的间接影响；建成环境对BMI具有显著的直接影响，小汽车驾驶员中介作用下，居住地建成环境对BMI产生的直接影响大于工作地；各类机动化通勤方式中介作用下，职住地建成环境各变量的增加会导致BMI上升，但职住地人口密度、工作地与市中心的距离、附近有大专院校则相反。并据此提出可通过渐进式更新逐步推动职住地建成环境优化，进而提升居民健康，相应的政策建议包括优化城市用地布局和空间结构，促进工作地用地功能混合，以及建立良好的城市慢行系统。
Abstract
The rapid urbanization process in China has led to a significant expansion in the size of cities, resulting in motorized commute mode becoming increasingly prevalent among residents of large cities. However, the sedentary status of motorized commute mode has led to a reduction in daily activities for residents, which has a negative impact on their health. Using smart-phone application to gather commuting data from residents of Xi’an, and using the path analysis method, this study assessed people’s physical health using the body mass index (BMI), and proposed a theoretical framework to analyze the urban built environment’s direct, indirect, and total effects on residents’ BMI mediated by motorized commute mode. The model result reveals that the built environment of work-residential areas, encompassing land use mix, building density, population density, number of bus lines, and proximity of subway stations, can significantly and indirectly impact BMI mediated by car driver, electric vehicles, and commuter shuttles. However, these factors do not significantly impact BMI through the use of buses and subways. The built environment has a significant direct impact on BMI as well, with the built environment of residential area having a greater influence than the workplace while mediating by car driver. The variation in the workplace’s built environment variables will result in a change in BMI, mediated by different commuting modes. However, the population density of the workplace location, the distance between the workplace and city center, and the presence of colleges and universities in the vicinity may have an opposing effect. Therefore, it is proposed that the optimization of the built environment in occupational and residential areas can be gradually promoted through targeted renewal. This, in turn, can improve the health of residents. Corresponding policy suggestions include optimizing the layout and spatial structure of urban land, promoting the mixing of functions of land use near the workplace, and establishing an effective slow travel system.
关键词
建成环境机动化通勤身体质量指数路径分析身体健康
Keywords
built environmentmotorized commuting modebody mass indexpath analysishealth
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