污水处理厂排放的废水对河流微生物群落有较大影响。为了解其影响程度以及微生物群落对环境因子的响应规律，使用16S rRNA技术和生物信息学分析以及统计学分析等方法，分析了太平河沉积物中微生物群落演变特征及其对西安市第六和第七污水处理厂废水排放的响应规律。研究发现，微生物群落丰富度随排水口距离的增加逐渐升高，蓝细菌门（cyanobactria）为太平河微生物群落差异的标志物种，α变形菌（alphaproteobacteria）为太平河群落功能的关键物种，微生物群落对温度（ t ）、溶解氧（DO）和盐度（salinity）的响应最为显著。受纳河流沉积物中微生物群落结构的变化可以反映污水处理厂排放废水对河流水质的影响，进而可以表征河流生态系统的健康情况。 The wastewater discharged from the sewage treatment plant has a greater impact on the river microbial community. In order to understand the degree of its influence and the response of microbial communities to environmental factors, 16S rRNA technology, bioinformatics analysis and statistical analysis were used to analyze the evolution characteristics of microbial communities in the sediments of the Taiping River and the response law on the wastewater from the sixth and seventh sewage treatment plants in Xi'an. The study found that the abundance of the microbial community gradually increased with the increase of the distance from the drainage outlet. 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